trade-off

A trade-off (or tradeoff) is a situation that involves losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. More colloquially, if one thing increases, some other thing must decrease. Tradeoffs can occur for many reasons, including simple physics (into a given amount of space, you can fit many small objects or fewer large objects). The idea of a tradeoff often implies a decision to be made with full comprehension of both the upside and downside of a particular choice, such as when a person decides whether to invest in stocks (more risky but with a greater potential return) versus bonds (generally safer, but lower potential returns). The term is also used widely in an evolutionary context, in which case natural selection and sexual selection act as the ultimate “decision-makers”. In biology, the concepts of tradeoffs and constraints are often closely related. In economics, a trade-off is commonly expressed as opportunity cost which is the preferred alternative when taking an economic decision.